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The Socialist Republic of Croatia created its own Code in 1977, and decriminalized homosexual activity. Constitutional reforms in Yugoslavia in 1974 resulted in the abolishment of the federal Penal Code, allowing every republic to create its own. This situation changed when Croatia and other republics gained more control over their own legislature. Homosexuals, labeled by communists as "enemies of the system", were also prohibited from joining the Communist Party of Yugoslavia.
However, the repression of homosexuals in Yugoslavia effectively began immediately after the end of the war. ĭuring the period when Croatia was part of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, male homosexual acts were made illegal and punishable with up to two years of prison under the Penal Code of 9 March 1951. A subsequent draft of the new Penal Code for 1879 for the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia suggested male homosexual acts be punished with up to five years of prison, but the draft was never formally adopted. The Penal Code established on in the Habsburg Kingdom of Croatia (the first modern one in Croatian) did not specify homosexuality as a crime. LGBT history in Croatia 19th and 20th century 4.1 Partner-guardianship and parental responsibilities.3 Recognition of same-sex relationships.Croatia is among 11 member countries that make up a LGBT Core Group at U.N. In 2015, the International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association (ILGA) ranked Croatia 5th in terms of LGBT rights out of 49 observed European countries, which represented an improvement compared to the previous year's position of 12th place. Croatia bans all discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation, gender identity, and gender expression.Ĭentre-left, centre, and green political parties have generally been the main proponents of LGBT rights, while right-wing, centre-right political parties and movements close to the Roman Catholic Church have been in opposition to the extension of rights. Same-sex couples in Croatia can apply for step-child adoption and foster care. Since the introduction of the Life Partnership Act in 2014, same-sex couples have effectively enjoyed rights equal to heterosexual married couples in almost all aspects, except for an ability to adopt jointly and to access in vitro fertilisation. As a result of a 2013 referendum, Croatia's Constitution defines marriage solely as a union between a woman and man, effectively prohibiting same-sex marriage. The status of same-sex relationships was first formally recognized in 2003 under a law dealing with unregistered cohabitations. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights in Croatia have expanded in recent years, but LGBT persons may still face some legal challenges not experienced by non- LGBT residents. Same-sex couples allowed to foster care since 2020
Sexual orientation, gender identity and gender expression protection since 2003 ( see below)Ĭonstitution bans same-sex marriage since the 2013 referendum. Legal since 1977, age of consent equalized in 1998Ĭhanging legal gender is permitted by the law.